The Buffalo Nickel, first made in 1913, is one of the most well-known and loved coins in U.S. history. With a Native American on one side and a buffalo on the other, it stands out for its design, meaning, and how rare some versions are. This guide explains the story behind the coin, what makes it special, and why collectors value it so much.
The Story of the Buffalo Nickel
Where It All Began
The Buffalo Nickel was designed by artist James Earle Fraser and produced from 1913 to 1938. It replaced the Liberty Head Nickel, which had been around since 1883. Fraser was inspired by his experiences with Native American culture. The coin shows a Native American chief on the front and a buffalo (American bison) on the back—symbolizing the spirit of the American West.
Why Production Stopped
The coin stopped being made in 1938 when the Jefferson Nickel took its place. One reason was the coin’s design, which wore down quickly over time. Also, its raised design made it harder to produce in large numbers.
Key Features of the Buffalo Nickel
Front of the Coin (Obverse)
It shows a Native American man’s face. Fraser said he combined the features of three real chiefs: Two Moons, John Big Tree, and Iron Tail.
Back of the Coin (Reverse)
The back shows a buffalo standing on a patch of land. The design shows strength and the untamed spirit of the West. The words “United States of America” and “Five Cents” are also written there.
Coin Details
- Metal: 75% copper, 25% nickel
- Weight: 5 grams
- Size: 21.2 mm across
- Edge: Smooth (no ridges)
Rare Versions and What to Look For
Some Buffalo Nickels are worth more because they were made in smaller numbers or have unique features. Here are a few to watch for:
- 1913 Type I: The first version, showing the buffalo on a raised ground. It’s highly collectible.
- 1913 Type II: A revised version with a flatter design for easier minting.
- 1937-D Three-Legged Buffalo: A minting mistake where one of the buffalo’s legs is missing—very rare!
- 1926-S: Made in low numbers and extremely valuable if found in great condition.
How Condition Affects Value
The better shape a coin is in, the more it’s worth. Collectors use a grading scale from 1 (very poor) to 70 (perfect). Coins graded above 60, especially those that look almost new, can be worth thousands.
Buffalo Nickel Prices
A Buffalo Nickel’s value depends on how rare it is, how well it was made, and how many people want it. Here are some examples:
- 1937-D Three-Legged Buffalo: Sold for $150,000 in great condition.
- 1913 Type I: A perfect version sold for over $100,000.
- 1926-S: Can be worth $50,000 or more if it’s in top shape.
Tips for New Collectors
Want to collect Buffalo Nickels? Keep these tips in mind:
- Know What to Look For: Learn about key dates and rare versions.
- Focus on Quality: Better condition means higher value.
- Buy from Trusted Sellers: Always deal with reputable dealers who offer proof of authenticity.
- Complete a Set: Try collecting one of each year and mint mark—it’s a fun challenge!
Final Thoughts
The Buffalo Nickel isn’t just an old coin—it’s a piece of American history. With its striking design and stories behind it, it’s a favorite among collectors. Whether you’re just starting out or have been collecting for years, understanding what makes this coin so special can help you build a collection that’s both meaningful and valuable.